In this paper we summarize the findings from two recent reports relevant to these policy and practice questions. One is a new review of evaluation studies by Joe Durlak and Roger Weissberg, showing that after-school programs attempting to enhance youth’s personal and social skills can improve outcomes that are important to both school and non-school audiences. The second report, written by Nicole Yohalem and Alicia Wilson-Ahlstrom, describes instruments that measure the quality of youth program practices at the point of service.